I create my smoke-fired works by nestling bisqueware in a metal container with strategically-placed combustibles. The outcome is determined by the positioning of the fine sawdust, coarse wood shavings, salt, and copper.

In raku firing, I take the pots directly from the hot kiln and plunge them into sawdust and newspaper. This reduction atmosphere creates wonderful color areas in the glaze. When the ashes are cool, I remove and clean the pots.

5" x 3" raku clay with oxide decoration; sawdust fired